The last discussion called “Markets Work” we talked about market efficiency. Effectively, you can’t outsmart the market by stock/bond selection or market timing. So, how do we invest then if the market is efficient? Some would say put all your money into an index fund (like the S&P 500) and leave it alone. While that is better than the typical “stock picker” mentality, there is still a better way. Financial science has identified certain risk factors or dimensions that drive portfolio returns. Exposure to these risk factors will increase a portfolio’s expected return over time. That’s another way of saying, the more risk you are willing to take on, the higher your expected return. That’s assuming you are taking on the right type of risk.
So far, we’ve identified three dimensions that have a large effect on portfolio returns – 1) the market factor, 2) the size factor, and 3) the value or book to market factor. The market factor basically shows that stocks are riskier than bonds, and thus, have a higher expected return. There are many time periods though, such as the last 10 years, where this does not occur – bonds outperform stocks. That’s why we call it a “risk factor” – over time though, stocks tend to generate higher returns, and typically by a wide margin.
Next is the size factor – this is large cap companies (Wal-Mart, Microsoft, etc.) versus small cap companies (companies you’ve never heard about). Over the long-run, small cap companies tend to have a higher expected return than bigger companies. This idea is fairly intuitive, but many investors portfolios are still dominated by large cap companies; typically in mutual funds that basically track the S&P 500 (but cost much more than an index fund).
Lastly, the value factor – this is somewhat counter-intuitive. Most people think that the “growth” companies (Microsoft, Home Depot, etc.) will generate the highest returns because they are growing faster than other companies. Statistical evidence shows that just the opposite is true. Typically “value” companies (lower priced, higher book to market value) generate higher returns than do growth companies.
Hopefully this helps explain the dimensions of portfolio returns. Check out our Investment Philosophy for more explanation of our beliefs about capital markets, and feel free to contact us for additional information.
Also, there is more information on the dimensions of returns here: http://www.dfaus.com/philosophy/dimensions.html
The concept of "Market Efficiency" may not make sense to most people. It's an abstract concept that effectively means that the prices of publicly traded securities (stocks and bonds) accurately reflect the current value. In other words, it is very hard if not impossible to find a "deal" in the public markets. This may sound strange coming from a Financial Advisor - after all, aren't we supposed to be able to find deals in the market? While most "Advisors" attempt to beat the market and find mispriced securities; their attempts usually just wind up costing the investor more money.
Take Microsoft for example. How many investors, mutual fund managers, pension fund managers, etc. study Microsoft to determine if it is currently undervalued or overvalued? Most likely, there are thousands - some determine that it is a "deal" and buy Microsoft (or recommend it), while others think it is overpriced and sell it. After all, if you are buying, then someone else must be selling. You can't both be right, can you?
Check out what Gene Fama, the father of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, has to say about this topic.
http://www.dfaus.com/philosophy/markets-work.html
Check out the article from the WSJ about mutual fund fees.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704009804575309011863641700.html
This helps explain one of the fees you typically pay when you purchase a retain mutual fund. All funds also charge an internal management fee that is not included in the 12b-1 fee.
Income tax and practice management tips for high income earners and medical professionals:
Income taxes are going up – the top marginal rate most likely will go up to 39.6% from 35%. If given a choice, you may want to claim income this year rather than next (for bonuses, etc.).
Starting in 2013, high wage earners may be subject to a surtax for Medicare of 0.9% on wages for couples over $250,000; the employee pays the entire surtax, and the surtax hits self-employed individuals as well.
Unearned income (interest, dividends, rental income, royalties, etc.) is subject to an additional 3.8% tax on incomes over $250,000. This does not include tax-exempt interest and retirement plan payouts. This 3.8% tax will apply to ALL passive income if you reach even one dollar over the limit.
Estate tax – we don’t know what is going to happen with the estate tax yet, but there is a chance that the exemption amount will drop back to $1 million and the tax rate will increase to 55%. Even for young couples, this could play a role in the way you structure your assets, such as life insurance.
Higher Premiums and taxes on health plans – the new bill will prevent insurance companies from limiting coverage and thereby increase demand for medical services without doing much to contain costs. Starting in 2018 the bill would impose a 40% tax on insurance premiums in excess of $8,500 for individuals and $23,000 for families.
For Medical Professionals:
More patients will be on Medicaid which may have a lower reimbursement rate than private insurance plans. Thus, you may need to plan for lower reimbursements in the future.
Patients may put off medical care especially on services that are perceived as non-essential. Procedures such as Laparoscopic surgery for acid reflux or surgeries to relieve pain may be put off in lieu of cheaper prescription drugs for the short-term.
There could be a wave of new patients once all the provisions of the health care bill are implemented and more people are covered. Patients who have been putting off coverage for a number of years may start going to the doctor for check-ups once they are covered. These patients may have underlying conditions since they have put off coverage for years. Doctors may need to plan for the influx of new patients and consider what types of health insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, etc. they want to accept.
Use a Budget – this helps the physician focus on managing costs. It will help you answer the question of “where does all the money go?” if you design the budget in a special way. First, show the actual practice costs, then debt payments and lastly, the payments to the physician.
Create a well-designed collection procedure. Collections should be reengineered for a new age in which the patient deductibles are increasing and more of the financial burden is on the individual, rather than the insurance company. Procedures, such as payment at the time of service should be considered so the physician isn’t forced to utilize expensive collection services.
It’s important to understand that investment diversification does not improve the portfolios' expected return, but it does reduce risk. Essentially, while you are sacrificing a very small chance of a huge reward, you are also reducing the chances of a very bad outcome and improving the odds of getting closer to the median outcome.
Think of this like fire insurance on your home. You, along with all your neighbors, pay your insurance premiums (a relatively small cash out-flow) to transfer the risk of having your home and all its' contents completely destroyed by a fire to the insurance company. In exchange for your cash out-flow you are reducing the bad outcome of financial devastation by fire. Remember, paying an insurance premium doesn't reduce the probability of a fire occuring, it reduces the probability of a fire becoming economically detrimental.
Education The rules of money are being redefined. Knowledge is the new money. We believe that you must be willing to embrace financial education so that you can make well informed decisions about your money for the reasons that are important to you. Our job is to distill the complexities of today’s money and help you better understand the choices available to you so that you can assess how your choices will affect you, thereby enabling you to make good decisions that you can feel confident about and that will give you the highest probability of achieving your goals. Time is the one thing that money cannot buy; therefore time is everything
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Comprehensive Wealth Management Should you refinance your home now; buy or lease your next car? What about managing your cash flow while preparing for retirement and education expenses? What should you do about taxes, inflation, and debt? All of these subjects are part of comprehensive wealth management and should be addressed in a holistic manner - rather than piece by piece.
Balancing all aspects of your financial life can be complicated. We work closely with you - to help you manage and build your wealth. Wealth can be defined however you want. That part is up to you - it can be spending more time with your family, retiring with no drop in your standard of living, sending your children or grandchildren to college, or anything else that you want it to be. Our job is to help you achieve success however it is defined by you.
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Integrated Tax Planning
Investment management and tax planning are not mutually exclusive. Wouldn’t it be nice if you could have your entire financial position managed in an integrated method – balancing tax efficiency and building wealth? Now you can.
When your portfolio drops in value, you may be able to recoup the losses over time; but the dollars you give to the IRS will never be seen again. Now more than ever, with taxes set to go up over the next few years, you need to have tax planning and investment management on the same page. We don’t know yet exactly what the tax rates for dividends and capital gains will be next year, but most people agree the rates will be higher than they are currently. However, there is a balance between saving on taxes and giving away growth to your portfolio. At Integra Wealth, we use the latest advancements in finance to engineer portfolios that are very tax efficient without losing the potential for growth. We also utilize advanced tax planning strategies to help you continue to build wealth in the most efficient manner possible. We work closely with our clients’ tax professionals and closely monitor their entire tax position. Read the Full Story
Behavioral Counseling
We work closely with you in all aspects of your financial life. We want you to call us about any financial matter - if we can't help you, then we will refer you to someone who can. We can help you in areas such as: purchasing or refinancing a home, buying or leasing a car, paying down debt and finding the best solution for college funding, just to name a few. Read the Full Story